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anniversary gifts diamonds - the four C's all about gems characteristics of pearls
birthstones & their relevant months
january february march april may june
garnet amethyst aquamarine diamond emerald pearl
symbol of faith, truth & friendship symbol of wisdom, strength & confidence symbol of peace & tranquility symbol of everlasting love & perfection symbol of growth & fertility symbol of purity, Aphrodite, the Goddess of Love
july august september october november december
ruby peridot sapphire opal citrine turquoise
symbol of happiness & good fortune symbol of warmth & charity symbol of faith & goodness symbol of hope & inspiration symbol of truth & integrity symbol of strength & intelligence


average weight by size
shape round
size in mm 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 7
stone sapphire ruby garnet
weight in ct 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.65 1.00 1.60
stone topaz
weight in ct 0.035 0.07 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.60 1.00 1.60
stone tanzanite peridot tourmaline
weight in ct 0.035 0.07 0.13 0.20 0.25 0.50 0.90 1.25
stone emerald aquamarine amethyst citrine lolite
weight in ct 0.028 0.055 0.10 0.15 0.23 0.45 0.80 1.20
average weight by size
shape oval square
size in mm 5x3 6x4 7x5 8x6 9x7 10x8 12x10 14x10 2x2 3x3 4x4
stone sapphire ruby garnet
weight in ct 0.35 0.60 1.00 1.50 2.20 3.10 6.00 7.25 0.06 0.25 0.45
stone topaz
weight in ct 0.30 0.55 0.95 1.45 2.10 3.00 5.80 7.00 0.055 0.25 0.45
stone tanzanite peridot tourmaline
weight in ct 0.25 0.50 0.90 1.35 1.80 2.50 4.00 6.00 0.05 0.20 0.40
stone emerald aquamarine amethyst citrine lolite
weight in ct 0.22 0.45 0.75 1.20 1.70 2.40 4.10 5.10 0.04 0.15 0.35


colour varieties
blue or violet
blue sapphire
tanzanite
aquamarine
blue topaz
tourmaline (indicolite)
iolite
amethyst
blue zircon
blue spinel
lapis lazuli
turquoise
green
emerald
green sapphire
tzavorite
tourmaline (green, chrome)
jade
apatite
diopside
dioptase
green agate
malachite
red or pink
ruby
pink sapphire
tourmaline (rubellite)
garnet
rhodolite, almandine, pyrope
red spinel
pink topaz
kunzite
morganite
rose quartz
rhodochrosite
yellow or orange
yellow sapphire
citrine
yellow topaz
yellow tourmaline
yellow beryl (heliodor)
spessartite
cornelian
fire opal
amber


moh's table of hardness
hardness refers to scratch-resistance
10 9 8 7.5 - 8 7 - 7.5 7
diamond ruby
sapphire
spinel
topaz
emerald
aquamarine
garnet
lolite
tourmaline
amethyst
citrine
6.5 - 7.5 6 - 6.5 5.5 - 6.5 5 - 6 5 2.5
zircon
agate
peridot
tanzanite
moonstone opal lapis lazuli
turquoise
glass amber